#cell the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
supertype: pm#entity_that_can_be_or_was_alive (pm) e.g., an animal, a cell
part: #cell_wall #energid #cytoplasm #cell_nucleus #organelle #vacuole
part of: #living_thing
subtype: #blastomere any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg
subtype: #flagellated_cell__flagellatedcell any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
subtype: #choanocyte__collar_cell any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body
subtype: #Kupffer's_cell specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria and foreign proteins and worn-out blood cells
subtype: #somatic_cell__somaticcell any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells
subtype: #skin_cell any of the cells making up the skin
subtype: #epidermal_cell__epidermalcell any of the cells making up the epidermis
subtype: #melanoblast an epidermal cell that is a precursor of a melanocyte
subtype: #melanocyte a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone
subtype: #prickle_cell__pricklecell a cell in the germinal layer of the skin (the prickle-cell layer); has many spines and radiating processes
subtype: #epithelial_cell one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium
subtype: #columnar_cell__columnar_epithelial_cell an epithelial cell that is shaped like a column; some have cilia
subtype: #spongioblast any of various columnar epithelial cells in the central nervous system that develop into neuroglia
subtype: #cuboidal_cell__cuboidal_epithelial_cell an epithelial cell that shaped like a cube
subtype: #goblet_cell an epithelial cell that secretes mucous
subtype: #hair_cell a sensory epithelial cell present in the Organ of Corti
subtype: #squamous_cell an epithelial cell that is flat like a plate and form a single layer of epithelial tissue
subtype: #taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
subtype: #neoplastic_cell a cell that is part of tumor
subtype: #cancer_cell a cell that is part of a malignant tumor
subtype: #bone_cell a cell that is part of a bone
subtype: #megakaryocyte a large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets
subtype: #osteoclast cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue
subtype: #osteocyte mature bone cell
subtype: #blood_cell__bloodcell__blood_corpuscle__bloodcorpuscle__corpuscle either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets
subtype: #leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
subtype: #myelocyte an immature leukocyte normally found in bone marrow
subtype: #myeloblast a precursor of leukocytes that normally occurs only in bone marrow
subtype: #lymphocyte__lymph_cell__lymphcell an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection
subtype: #B_cell__B_lymphocyte a lymphocyte derived from bone marrow that provides humoral immunity; it recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and mature into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens
subtype: #T_cell__T_lymphocyte a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells
subtype: #helper_T_cell__CD4_T_cell__CD4_cell T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells
subtype: #killer_T_cell__CD8_T_cell__CD8_cell T cell with CD8 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and binds to the infected cell and kill it
subtype: #lymphoblast an immature lymphocyte
subtype: #plasma_cell__plasmacyte a lymphocyte-like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood
subtype: #plasmablast the precursor of a plasma cell
subtype: #granulocyte a leukocyte that has granules in its cytoplasm
subtype: #monocyte a type of granular leukocyte that functions in the ingestion of bacteria
subtype: #monoblast a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow
subtype: #basophil__basophile a leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stains
subtype: #neutrophil__neutrophile the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes
subtype: #microphage a neutrophil that ingests small things (as bacteria)
subtype: #eosinophil__eosinophile a leukocyte readily stained with eosin
subtype: #packed_cells a preparation of blood cells separated from the liquid plasma; "packed cells are given to severely anemic patients in order to avoid overloading the circulatory system with too much fluid"
subtype: #red_blood_cell__redbloodcell__RBC__erythrocyte a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus
subtype: #megalocyte__macrocyte abnormally large red blood cell (associated with pernicious anemia)
subtype: #megaloblast abnormally large red blood cell present in pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency
subtype: #acanthocyte an abnormal red blood cell that has thorny projections of protoplasm
subtype: #microcyte an abnormally small red blood cell (less than 5 microns in diameter)
subtype: #reticulocyte an immature red blood cell containing a network of filaments or granules
subtype: #sickle_cell an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
subtype: #siderocyte an abnormal red blood cell containing granules of iron not bound in hemoglobin
subtype: #spherocyte an abnormal spherical red blood cell
subtype: #target_cell an abnormal red blood cell with a ringed appearance; associated with anemia
subtype: #phagocyte__scavenger_cell__scavengercell a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms
subtype: #macrophage a large phagocyte; some are fixed and other circulate in the blood stream
subtype: #histiocyte a macrophage that is found in connective tissue
subtype: #fixed_phagocyte a phagocyte that does not circulate in the blood but is fixed in the liver or spleen or bone marrow etc.
subtype: #free_phagocyte a phagocyte that circulates in the blood
subtype: #leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
subtype: #visual_cell one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
subtype: #retinal_cone__retinalcone__cone__cone_cell visual receptor cell sensitive to color
subtype: #retinal_rod__retinalrod__rod__rodcell visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light
subtype: #fat_cell__fatcell__adipose_cell__adiposecell cells composed of fat
subtype: #muscle_cell__muscle_fiber__muscle_fibre an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body
subtype: #striated_muscle_cell__striated_muscle_fiber an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue
subtype: #smooth_muscle_cell cells of the smooth muscles
subtype: #Schwann_cell any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath
subtype: #nerve_cell__nervecell__neuron a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
subtype: #brain_cell__braincell a nerve cell in the brain
subtype: #Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
subtype: #Purkinje_cell a large densely branching neuron that is the characteristic cell of the cerebellar cortex
subtype: #motor_neuron__motorneuron__efferent_neuron__motor_nerve_fiber__motornervefiber__motoneuron a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
subtype: #sensory_neuron__sensoryneuron__afferent_neuron a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord
subtype: #neurogliacyte__neuroglial_cell__glial_cell__glialcell a cell of the neuroglia
subtype: #astrocyte comparatively large neuroglial cell
subtype: #fibrous_astrocyte__fibrousastrocyte star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
subtype: #protoplasmic_astrocyte a kind of astrocyte found in the gray matter
subtype: #microgliacyte a cell of the microglia that may become phagocytic and collect waste products of nerve tissue
subtype: #oligodendrocyte a cell of the oligodendroglia
subtype: #hybridoma a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody
subtype: #mast_cell__mastocyte__labrocyte a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation
subtype: #stem_cell an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)
subtype: #target_cell.somatic_cell__targetcell any cell that has a specific receptor for antigen or antibody or hormone
subtype: #blastema a mass of undifferentiated cells from with an organ or body part develops
subtype: #zygote__fertilized_ovum the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
subtype: #embryonic_cell__embryoniccell__formative_cell__formativecell a cell of an embryo
subtype: #blastocyte an undifferentiated embryonic cell
subtype: #ameloblast a cell from which tooth enamel develops
subtype: #osteoblast__bone-forming_cell a cell from which bone develops
subtype: #erythroblast a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop
subtype: #sideroblast an erythroblast having granules of ferritin
subtype: #fibroblast a cell from which connective tissue develops
subtype: #neuroblast a cell from which a nerve cell develops
subtype: #akaryocyte__akaryote__acaryote a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)
subtype: #reproductive_cell__germ_cell__sex_cell__sexcell a spermatozoon or an ovum
subtype: #gamete a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
subtype: #anisogamete either of a pair of unlike gametes especially those unlike in size
subtype: #isogamete either of a pair of conjugating gametes of the same size and structure
subtype: #sperm_cell__spermcell__sperm__spermatozoon__spermatozoan the male reproductive cell; the male gamete
subtype: #ovum__egg_cell__eggcell the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
subtype: #egg animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds
subtype: #nit egg or young of an insect parasitic on mammals especially a sucking louse; often attached to a hair or item of clothing
subtype: #spawn the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs
subtype: #roe.spawn the egg mass or spawn of certain crustaceans such as the lobster
subtype: #roe the eggs or egg-laden ovary of a fish
subtype: #silkworm_seed eggs of a silkworm
subtype: #roe.egg eggs of female fish
subtype: #ootid mature ovum after penetration by sperm but before the formation of a zygote
subtype: #ovule.ovum a small or immature ovum
subtype: #spermatid an immature gamete produced by a spermatocyte; develops into a spermatozoon
subtype: #oosphere used especially of lower plants
subtype: #antherozoid__spermatozoid a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
subtype: #gametocyte an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis
subtype: #oocyte a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
subtype: #spermatocyte a male gametocyte that develops into four spermatids
subtype: #polar_body__polarbody a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
subtype: #Leydig_cell__Leydig's_cell a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone
subtype: #Sertoli_cell__Sertoli's_cell elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids
subtype: #archespore__archesporium primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
subtype: #mother_cell cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops: "a sperm cell develops from a sperm mother cell"
subtype: #spore_mother_cell cell from which a spore develops
subtype: #arthrospore one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
subtype: #arthrospore.cell a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria
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