analysing_workflows
   part: qualitative_analysis (cm)   quantitative_analysis (cm);

   qualitative_analysis
      part: reachability_analysis (cm)   structural_analysis (cm),
      purpose: "focusing on the logical correctness of the defined process" (cm),
      example: "search for  possible deadlocks" (cm)
               "search if it is possible to successfully handle a specific case" (cm)
               "search if will all cases terminate eventually" (cm)
               "search if it possible to execute two tasks in any order" (cm);
   
      reachability_analysis
         purpose: "ensure that all places in the net are reached correctly" (cm),
                  //"based on firing from the starting place" (cm)
         tool: reachability_graph (cm);

      structural_analysis
         part: assessing_the_accuracy_of_a_defined_process (cm)
               defining_the_soundness_of_a_process (cm);

         assessing_the_accuracy_of_a_defined_process
            part: identifying_tasks_without_input_or_output_conditions (cm)
                  assessing_dead_tasks (cm)
                  identifying_deadlocks (cm)
                  reviewing_livelocks (cm)
                  analysing_activities_in_place_after_end_condition_is_reached (cm)
                  assessing_tokens_in_the_process_after_the_case_is_completed (cm);

         defining_the_soundness_of_a_process
            object: soundness (cm),  /* object: soundness_of_a_process */
            tool: reachability_graph (cm)   additional_transition_t*  (cm)   
                  library_method_for_defining_the_soundness_of_a_process (cm);

   quantitative_analysis
      part: performance_analysis (cm)   capacity_planning (cm),
      purpose: "concentrating on the performance of the defined process" (cm),
      example: "search how many cases can be handled in one hour" (cm)
               "search what is the average throughput time" (cm)
               "search how many extra resources are required" (cm)
               "search how many cases are handled within two days" (cm);

      performance_analysis
         purpose: improving_the_routing_path (cm)   minimising_process_time (cm)
                  optimising_resource_time (cm),
         specialisation: simulation (cm)   queuing_theory (cm)   
                         markovian_analysis (cm),
         part: sequential_analysis (cm)   parallel_analysis (cm)   
               composition_analysis (cm)   flexibilisation_analysis (cm)   
               triage_analysis (cm)   prioritisation_analysis (cm);

         triage_analysis
            object: triage (cm);  /* object: process_resource_triage */

      capacity_planning
         purpose: "to calculate what capacity is required to handle a given
                   number of cases" (cm),
         part: calculating_capacity_per_task (cm)   
               calculating_requirement_per_resource_class (cm)
               taking_variability_into_account (cm);

         calculating_capacity_per_task
            requirement: "average number of cases per day per task" (cm)
                         "average processing time per task" (cm)
                         "average number of minutes per task" (cm);

changing_the_workflow_system
   perspective: process_perspective (cm)   resource_perspective (cm)
                control_perspective (cm)   task_perspective (cm)
                system_perspective (cm),
   part: extending_the_process_definition (cm)   replacing_a_task (cm)
         reordering_a_task_in_a_process (cm);
     

workflow_management_coalition
   synonym: WFMC (cm),
   purpose: "to produce standardisation to workflow and its management" (cm);

workflow_designer
   purpose: "working on the structure of the workflow" (cm),
   object: process_definition_tool (cm);
 /* tool: process_definition    (actually, a process should be used here) */

administrator
   agent of: operational_management_tool (cm),
   part: managing_user_authorization (cm)  implementing_processes (cm)
         solving_a_problem (cm);   

process_analyst
   agent of: recording_and_reporting_tool (cm),
   part: inform_management_on_performance_of_the_process (cm);

user
   specialization of: resource (cm),
   purpose: "execute the work" (cm);

programmer
   purpose: "(re)structuring the workflow" (cm);

Identitech
   specialisation of: business_process_management_company (cm),
   url: http://www.identitech.com/documents/BPM_Selection.pdf (cm);

Avoka_Technologies
   specialisation of: business_process_management_company (cm),
   url: http://www.avoka.com/bpm/bpm_home.shtml (cm);  

TIBCO 
   specialisation of: WFMS_selling_company (cm), 
   url: http://www.tibco.com (cm);

petri_net
   part: place (cm)   transition (cm)   token (cm),
   extension: colour_extension (cm)   time_extension (cm)   
              hierarchy_extension (cm),
   specialisation: workflow_net (cm);

   colour_extension
      part: coupling_an_object's_characteristics_with_a_corresponding_token (cm),
      attribute of: token (cm);

   time_extension
      part: displaying_information_about_the_timing_of_the_process (cm);

   hierarchy_extension
      tool of: defining_the_sub_processes (cm),
      describtion of: sub_process (cm),
      method of: top_down_design (cm)   bottom_up_design (cm);

token
   object: case (cm);  /* "object" should only be used from a process to 
       its object (input/output/parameter/...) when more precise relations
       (e.g. "input" or "parameter" cannot be used */

transition
   part of: task (cm);

place
   part of: condition (cm);

workflow_net
   informal_definition: "each transition or place lies on a 
                         directed path from start to end" (cm),
   requirement: "each token eventually reaches the end" (cm) 
                "all places are empty when a token is in the end place" (cm)
                "there are no dead tasks" (cm); 

reachability_graph
   part: node (cm)   directed_arrow (cm)   predetermined_choice (cm) 
         non_deterministic_choice (cm)   end_state (cm);
               
additional_transition_t* 
   part: input_point_at_end_place (cm)   output_point_at_start_place (cm),
   object: liveness (cm)   boundedness (cm);
 /* tool of: analysing_liveness  analysing_boundedness */

library_method_for_defining_the_soundness_of_a_process
   object: soundness (cm)   safeness (cm),  /* same comment as above */
   technique: "using safe and sound nets as building blocks to develop a more
              complex process" (cm);
                                                                                
workflow_reference_model
   agent: workflow_management_coalition (cm),
   part: workflow_enactment_service (cm)
         process_definition_tool (cm)
         workflow_client_application (cm)
         invoked_application (cm)
         administration_and_monitoring_tool (cm),
   infrastructure: hardware (cm)   operating_system (cm)   
                   network_software (cm)   database_management_system (cm)  
                   application (cm)   workflow_management_system (cm);

   workflow_enactment_service
      part: workflow_engine (cm) workflow_application_programming_interface (cm),
      purpose: "provides the run-time environment and the interaction of 
                necessary resources and workflow components" (cm);

      workflow_engine
         purpose: "provides facilities for the logistical 
                   completion of cases" (cm),
         part: management_of_a_case_and_its_properties (cm)   
               recording_historical_workflow_data (cm)   monitoring_workflow (cm)   
               activating_application_software (cm)   
               generation_of_a_work_item (cm);

   process_definition_tool_set
      part: process_definition_tool (cm)   resource_classification_tool (cm)
            analysis_tool (cm);

      process_definition_tool
         agent: process_designer (cm),
         object: process (cm),
         part: establishing_a_process_definition (cm)   modelling_routing (cm)
               version_management_of_the_process (cm)   
               defining_the_case_attributes (cm)   specifying_a_task (cm),
         requirement: task_information (cm)   routing_characteristics (cm) 
                      instructions_for_a_workflow_engine (cm)   
                      decision_rules (cm);

      resource_classification_tool
          object: resource (cm),
          part: defining_a_resource_class (cm)   
                establishing_a_role_and_organisational_unit (cm)
                identifying_a_relationship_between_resource_classes (cm);
                                                                                
      analysis_tool
         part: checking_the_semantic_accuracy_of_a_process (cm)
               performing_a_simulation (cm);
   
   workflow_client_application
      purpose: "provides contact of the workflow system for 
                execution employees" (cm),
               //"where a 'execution employee' is an employee only 
                  involved in the actual execution of a process" (cm) 
      object: worklist_handler (cm);  

      worklist_handler
         synonym: standard_worklist_handler (cm),
         purpose: "to form a link between the work and the employee" (cm),
         part: batch_processing (cm)   chained_processing (cm),
         specialisation: COSA (cm),
         extension: integrated_worklist_handler (cm),
         requirement: displaying_a_work_item (cm)   
                      provision_of_a_work_items_properties (cm)
                      ability_to_report_the_completion_of_an_activity (cm)
                      provision_of_state_information (cm);
         
         integrated_worklist_handler
            part: worklist_handler (cm)   
                  business_specific_work_item (cm);

   invoked_application
      purpose: "actual processing of the data content of a case" (cm),
      part: interactive_application (cm)   fully_automatic_application (cm);

      interactive_application
         specialisation: word_processor (cm),
         part: user_interaction (cm);

      fully_automatic_application          
         part: no_user_interaction (cm);

   administration_and_monitoring_tool
      part: operational_management_tool (cm)   
            recording_and_reporting_tool (cm);

      operational_management_tool
         agent: administrator (cm),
         part: case_related_management (cm)   resource_related_management (cm);

         case_related_management
            part: analysing_the_logistical_state_of_a_case (cm)
                  manipulation_of_the_logistical_state_of_a_case (cm);

         resource_related_management
            part: managing_the_inventory_of_staff (cm) 
                  revising_employee_details (cm);

      recording_and_reporting_tool
         agent: process_analyst (cm),
         part: assessing_a_performance_indicator (cm)
               producing_a_predefined_report (cm)
               producing_a_user_defined_report (cm);

Staffware
   specialisation of: workflow_management_system (cm),
   url: http://www.staffware.com (cm);
   
COSA
   specialisation of: workflow_management_system (cm),
   url: http://www.transflow.com/english (cm);

ActionWorkflow
   specialisation of: workflow_management_system (cm),
   url: http://www.actiontech.com/ (cm);

Woflan
   specialisation of: analysis_tool (cm),
   url: http://www.tm.tue.nl/it/it/woflan (cm);

ExSpect
   specialisation of: analysis_tool (cm),
   url: http://www.exspect.com (cm);

Protos
   specialisation of: business_process_reengineering_tool (cm),
   url: http://www.pallas-athena.com (cm);

                                                                               
workflow_definition
   part: process_definition (cm)   resource_classification (cm)   
         resource_management_rules (cm);

workflow_model
   part: case (cm)   task (cm)   process (cm)   routing (cm)   enactment (cm),
   tool: petri_net (cm);

   case
      synonym: process_instance (cm)   job (cm)   project (cm);

   task
      instance of: work_item (cm)   activity (cm);

   process
      synonym: routing_definition (cm)   procedure (cm)   workflow_script (cm),
      part: task (cm)   condition (cm)   sub_process (cm);

condition
   synonym: state (cm)   phase (cm)   requirement (cm),
   part: determining_the_enabling_of_a_task (cm);

soundness
   informal_definition: "a process that contains no unnecessary tasks" (cm)
                        "a process which it's cases are completed in full with 
                         no remaining tokens" (cm),
   generalization: fairness (cm);

fairness
   informal_definition: "no dead tasks" (cm);
   
liveness
   informal_definition: "when it is possible to reach a state in 
                         which any transition is enabled" (cm);

boundedness
   informal_definition: "when it is not possible for the number of 
                         tokens to increase without limit if the process 
                         is started in the initial state" (cm);

safeness
   informal_definition: "number of tokens used will never be 
                         larger than one" (cm);

triage
   informal_definition: "splitting case flows in order 
                         of defined principle" (cm);
                                                                                
workflow_data
   part: process_definition_data (cm)   resource_classification_data (cm)
         analysis_data (cm)   operational_management_data (cm)
         historical_data (cm)   application_data (cm)
         internal_data (cm)   logistical_management_data (cm);

   process_definition_data
      tool: process_definition_tool (cm),
      description of: process (cm)   task (cm),
      agent: workflow_designer (cm);

   resource_classification_data
      tool: resource_classification_tool (cm),
      description of: resource (cm);

   analysis_data
      tool: analysis_tool (cm);

   operational_management_data 
      tool: operational_management_tool (cm),
      agent: administrator (cm);

   application_data
      agent: programmer (cm);

information_system
   requirement: clearly_reflect_the_business_process_structure (cm)
                integrate_non_computerized_tasks (cm)
                support_easy_modification_of_the_business_structure (cm)
                track_the_performance_of_the_process (cm)
                perform_workload_allocation_and_management (cm);

workflow_application_programming_interface
   synonym: WAPI (cm),
   part: process_definition_tools_interface (cm)   
         workflow_client_application_interface (cm)
         invoked_applications_interface (cm)   
         administration_and_monitoring_tools_interface (cm),
   agent: workflow_management_coalition (cm);

workflow_trend
   part: modelling_trend (cm)   analysis_trend (cm)   planning_trend (cm)
         transaction_management_trend (cm)   interoperability_trend (cm)
         internet_trend (cm)   logistical_management_trend (cm);

   modelling_trend 
      specialisation: expressive_power_of_modelling_functions (cm)
                      handling_ad_hoc_workflows (cm)
                      flexibility_of_process_change (cm);

   analysis_trend
      specialisation: simulation_of_a_process (cm);
 
   planning_trend
      specialisation: improvement_on_resource_management (cm);

   transaction_management_trend
      specialisation: movement_of_ebusiness (cm)
                      standardisation_of_messaging (cm);

   interoperability_trend
      specialisation: enhancement_of_application_programming_interface (cm); 
                      
   internet_trend
      specialisation: flexibility_of_the_web (cm)
                      acceptance_of_an_introduced_standard (cm)
                      load_factor_of_the_internet (cm);
   
   logistical_management_trend
      specialisation: development_of_a_bill_of_materials (cm);