/* ------------ KB of the Mon Jul 31 23:23:49 2000 URL: http://www.inria.fr/acacia/personnel/phmartin/kb/theKBtop.txt Documentation of "pm" terms at http://www.inria.fr/acacia/personnel/phmartin/RDF/proposals.html Links: < (subtypeOf), > (subtype), ^ (instanceOf), : (instance), ~ (exclusion), = (similar), P (partOf), p (part), M (memberOf), m (member), S (substanceOf), s (substance), N (nounTypeOf), n (nounType), O (objectOf), o (object) --------------------------------------------------------------- */ pm#Thing (^anything that is not a relation^) > {pm#Situation pm#Entity} pm#Thing_playing_some_role, ~ pm#relation; pm#Situation (^thing that "occurs" in a (real or imagined) region of time and space^) > {pm#State pm#Process} pm#Phenomenon #wn17297__event pm#Situation_playing_some_role; pm#State (^situation not changing and not making a change during a given period of time^) > #wn16185__state; pm#Process (^situation that makes a change during some period of time^) > pm#Event pm#Problem_solving_process #wn17487__act pm#Process_playing_a_role; pm#Event (^process considered instantaneous from some viewpoint; classification under this category is application-dependant^); pm#Problem_solving_process (^cognitive activity to solve a problem^) > pm#Task; pm#Task (^processes modelled in knowledge acquisition, e.g. a diagnostic^) > pm#Real_life_task; pm#Real_life_task (^a task composed of more basic tasks^) > pm#Knowledge_engineering; pm#Knowledge_engineering (^making a knowledge based system^) > {pm#Environment_analysis pm#Problem_analysis pm#Task_analysis pm#Function_analysis pm#Implementation_analysis} pm#Knowledge_engineering_with_KADS; pm#Knowledge_engineering_with_KADS (^making a knowledge based system using KADS methodology^); pm#Phenomenon (^situation known through the senses rather than by reasoning^) > #wn20461__phenomenon; pm#Situation_playing_some_role (^e.g. a causal situation^) > pm#Process_playing_a_role #wn7766144__consequence #wn5438613__result; pm#Entity (^thing that can be "involved" in a situation^) > {pm#Spatial_entity pm#Nonspatial_entity} {pm#Undivisible_entity pm#Divisible_entity} pm#Entity_playing_some_role; pm#Spatial_entity (^space region or thing occupying a space region^) > pm#Space pm#Physical_entity; pm#Space (^point or extent in space^) > #wn15975__space; pm#Physical_entity (^spatial entity made of matter^) > {pm#Entity_that_can_be_alive pm#Entity_that_cannot_be_alive} pm#Dead_entity; pm#Entity_that_can_be_alive (^e.g. an animal, a cell^) > pm#Living_entity #wn2086__life_form #wn3095__cell; pm#Living_entity (^entity that is alive^) ~ pm#Dead_entity; pm#Entity_that_cannot_be_alive (^e.g. a bottle^) > #wn9457__object; pm#Dead_entity (^entity that is no more alive^) ~ pm#Living_entity; pm#Nonspatial_entity (^e.g. knowledge, motivation, language, measure^) > pm#Psychological_entity pm#Information_entity pm#Collection; pm#Psychological_entity (^feature/product of mental activity, e.g. feeling^) > #wn12865__psychological_feature; pm#Information_entity (^content/element of a description^) > {pm#Description pm#Description_container pm#Attribute_or_measure}; pm#Description (^description of a situation^) > pm#Description_content pm#Description_medium; pm#Description_content (^e.g. a narration, an hypothesis^) > sowa#Proposition pm#Narration pm#Process_representation pm#Description_with_KADS_inference_structure kads#Role #wn4949838__message; pm#Narration (^report, story, biography, etc.^); pm#Process_representation (^process history/specification^) > pm#Process_history pm#Process_specification; pm#Process_history (^information describing a past process^); pm#Process_specification (^information specifying the possible executions of some processes, e.g. a computer program, a musical score^) > pm#Kinetic_script pm#Procedure; pm#Kinetic_script (^script on motions^); pm#Procedure (^e.g. a computer program, a schedule, a musical score^) > pm#Protocol; pm#Protocol (^e.g. a network protocol such as HTTP 4.0^) > pm#Network_protocol; pm#Network_protocol (^e.g. FTP, HTTP^) > pm#FTP pm#HTTP; pm#Description_with_KADS_inference_structure (^dataflow graph of "inferences" (tasks) the inputs/outputs of which are described by "roles"^); kads#Role > kads#Hypothesis kads#Observable kads#Finding kads#Complaint kads#Norm kads#Difference kads#Discrepancy_class kads#Diagnosis_result kads#Parameter kads#System_model kads#Historical_data; pm#Description_medium (^e.g. a syntax, a language, a script^) > pm#Language pm#Abstract_data_type #wn3229963__representation #wn19671__communication; pm#Language (^natural/artificial language^) > {pm#Natural_language pm#Controlled_language}; pm#Controlled_language > pm#Procedural_language pm#Declarative_language pm#Markup_language; pm#Procedural_language > {pm#C pm#Lisp pm#Javascript}; pm#Declarative_language > {pm#Prolog pm#KIF pm#Conceptual_Graph_language}; pm#Markup_language > {pm#XML pm#HTML}; pm#XML (^a version of the Extensible Markup Language^) > pm#XML_notation_for_RDF; pm#XML_notation_for_RDF (^an XML notation for the RDF model^) : pm#RDF_syntax_of_22-02-1999; pm#RDF_syntax_of_22-02-1999 (^description in http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-rdf-syntax-19990222^); pm#Abstract_data_type (^atomic or structured^) > {pm#Atomic_ADT pm#Structured_ADT} rdfs#Literal; pm#Atomic_ADT > pm#Number pm#Boolean; pm#Boolean (^two instances: true and false^) : pm#True pm#False; pm#Structured_ADT > pm#Ordered_open_collection_ADT pm#Ordered_closed_collection_ADT pm#Model_ADT rdf#Statement; pm#Ordered_open_collection_ADT > pm#List_ADT pm#Stack pm#Keyed_collection_ADT; pm#Ordered_closed_collection_ADT > pm#Array pm#Queue; pm#Model_ADT > pm#Graph_model pm#KADS_model; pm#Graph_model > pm#Conceptual_Graph_model pm#RDF_model; pm#Description_container (^e.g. file, image (but not disk or paper)^) > pm#Document_element pm#File_in_special_format pm#Special_file; pm#Document_element (^a part of a document^) > pm#Document; pm#Document (^the entire content of a document^) > pm#Unretrievable_document; pm#File_in_special_format > {pm#Textual_file pm#Binary_file}; pm#Textual_file > pm#Plain_text_file pm#Structured_text_file pm#Encoded_text_file; pm#Structured_text_file > pm#HTML_file; pm#Encoded_text_file > pm#Postscript_file; pm#Binary_file > pm#GIF_file; pm#Special_file > pm#Software pm#Documentation pm#Repository; pm#Software > pm#Freeware pm#Web_search_engine; pm#Documentation > pm#Tutorial pm#Lecture pm#User_manual; pm#Repository > pm#Web_index pm#Yellow_Pages pm#Home_page pm#Cookie; pm#Web_index > pm#Web_index_and_search_engine; pm#Attribute_or_measure (^e.g. mass, mass unit, 1 kg, frequency, [2-3] hz, color, blue, speed, 1 m/s^) > pm#Time_measure pm#Spatial_attribute_or_measure pm#Physical_attribute_or_measure pm#Psychological_attribute_or_measure pm#Process_attribute_or_measure pm#Modality_measure #wn20056__measure #wn18604__attribute #wn4503850__property; pm#Time_measure (^measure of points or intervals in time^) > {pm#Time_point pm#Time_period} #wn15594__time; pm#Spatial_attribute_or_measure (^e.g. length measure in meters^) > pm#Length_measure pm#Area_measure pm#Volume_measure; pm#Length_measure > pm#Length_measure_in_meter pm#Length_measure_in_feet; pm#Physical_attribute_or_measure (^e.g. mass/length/color measure^) > pm#Mass_measure pm#Color_measure; pm#Process_attribute_or_measure (^e.g. a speed measure in km/h^) > pm#Speed_measure; pm#Speed_measure > pm#Speed_measure_in_meter_per_second; pm#Modality_measure (^e.g. "Never" might be declared as an instance^) > pm#Temporal_modality_measure; pm#Temporal_modality_measure : pm#Never pm#Rarely pm#Often pm#Always; pm#Collection (^something gathering separated things (entities/situations)^) > #wn17954__group #wn5992373__set rdfs#Container rdfs#Class rdf#Property rdfs#Constraint_resource; rdfs#Container > {rdf#Bag rdf#Seq rdf#Alt} pm#Set(pm) pm#Number_container(pm); rdf#Alt (^alternatives (exclusive or inclusive?)^) > pm#Or_bag(pm) pm#Xor_bag(pm); pm#Or_bag (^bag of OR-ed elements^); pm#Xor_bag (^bag of XOR-ed elements^); pm#Set (^container where duplicate elements are not allowed^) > pm#Or_set pm#Xor_set; pm#Or_set (^set of OR-ed elements^); pm#Xor_set (^set of XOR-ed elements^); rdfs#Class (^all classes are instance of that object^) : pm#Thing(pm); rdf#Property (^all binary relation classes are instance of that object^) > rdfs#Constraint_property rdfs#Container_membership_property pm#Constrained_relation_class(pm), : pm#relation(pm); pm#Constrained_relation_class > pm#Antisymmetric_relation_class pm#Irreflexive_relation_class pm#Reflexive_relation_class pm#Symmetric_relation_class pm#Transitive_relation_class pm#Weak_transitive_relation_class pm#Many_to_many_relation_class pm#Many_to_one_relation_class pm#One_to_many_relation_class; pm#Antisymmetric_relation_class > pm#Asymmetric_relation_class pm#Partial_order_relation_class; pm#Partial_order_relation_class > pm#Total_order_relation_class; pm#Irreflexive_relation_class > pm#Asymmetric_relation_class; pm#Reflexive_relation_class > pm#Equivalence_relation_class pm#Partial_order_relation_class; pm#Symmetric_relation_class > pm#Equivalence_relation_class; pm#Transitive_relation_class > pm#Equivalence_relation_class pm#Partial_order_relation_class; rdfs#Constraint_resource > rdfs#Constraint_property; pm#Undivisible_entity (^classification under this category is application-dependant^); pm#Divisible_entity > {pm#Divisible_entity_without_discrete_parts pm#Composite_entity}; pm#Composite_entity (^divisible entity with discrete parts^) > pm#Collection #wn3614902__whole; pm#Entity_playing_some_role (^e.g. an agent, an owner^) > pm#Owned_entity pm#Entity_part #wn6847350__variable pm#Process_recipient pm#Process_object pm#Causal_entity pm#Imaginary_entity {#wn6846327__necessity #wn6847052__inessential} #wn3495843__thing #wn6847525__anticipation; pm#Owned_entity > #wn18376__possession; pm#Entity_part > #wn3090721__part #wn6684175__part #wn6683928__unit #wn10572__substance; pm#Process_recipient (^recipient of a process^) > #wn6954382__recipient; pm#Process_object > #wn3435902__subject; pm#Causal_entity (^something (animal or software agent) able to act^) > pm#Living_entity pm#Goal_directed_agent pm#Perhaps_goal_directed_causal_entity pm#Without_goal_causal_entity #wn3731__causal_agent; pm#Goal_directed_agent (^goal directed causal entity (ex:a problem solver or an interactional agent)^) > pm#Cognitive_agent; pm#Cognitive_agent (^for example an animal or an AI-agent^) > {pm#Conscious_agent pm#Non_conscious_cognitive_agent}; pm#Conscious_agent (^for example a person^) > #wn4123__person; pm#Non_conscious_cognitive_agent (^e.g. AI_Agent^); pm#Perhaps_goal_directed_causal_entity (^e.g. supernatural forces^); pm#Without_goal_causal_entity (^non conscious entity and not AI_Agent^); pm#Imaginary_entity (^an entity that has been imagined^) > pm#Imaginary_spatial_entity; pm#Imaginary_spatial_entity (^e.g. a cartoon character^) > #wn6331805__imaginary_place; pm#Thing_playing_some_role (^category to classify things according to roles/viewpoints; classification under this category is application-dependant^) > pm#Mediation pm#Thing_needed_for_some_process pm#Situation_playing_some_role pm#Entity_playing_some_role #wn18916__relation; pm#Mediation (^Peirce/Sowa's notion of "thirdness"^); pm#Thing_needed_for_some_process (^e.g. something needed for an application^) > pm#Thing_needed_for_knowledge_engineering; pm#Thing_needed_for_knowledge_engineering > pm#Thing_needed_for_KADS_knowledge_engineering; pm#Thing_needed_for_KADS_knowledge_engineering > pm#Knowledge_engineering_with_KADS pm#KADS_model pm#Description_with_KADS_inference_structure kads#Role; pm#relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^superclass of relations; instance of rdf#Property^) > pm#relation_from_property pm#relation_from_class rdfs#comment rdfs#is_defined_by rdfs#label rdfs#see_also pm#different pm#relation_from_collection pm#relation_to_collection pm#relation_from_description pm#relation_from_situation pm#relation_from_time_measure pm#relation_from_spatial_entity pm#attributive_relation pm#ordering_relation, ~ pm#Thing; pm#relation_from_property (rdf#Property,pm#Thing) > rdfs#range rdfs#domain rdfs#sub_property_of pm#inverse; rdfs#range (rdf#Property,rdfs#Class); rdfs#domain (rdf#Property,rdfs#Class); rdfs#sub_property_of (rdf#Property,rdf#Property); pm#inverse (rdf#Property,rdf#Property); pm#relation_from_class (rdfs#Class,pm#Thing) > rdfs#sub_class_of pm#exclusive_class pm#wnObject pm#wnNounType; rdfs#sub_class_of (rdfs#Class,rdfs#Class); pm#exclusive_class (rdfs#Class,rdfs#Class); pm#wnObject (rdfs#Class,pm#Thing); pm#wnNounType (rdfs#Class,pm#Thing); rdfs#comment (pm#Thing,rdfs#Literal); rdfs#is_defined_by (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) > pm#definition; pm#definition (pm#Thing,pm#Description); rdfs#label (pm#Thing,rdfs#Literal); rdfs#see_also (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#different (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#relation_from_collection (pm#Collection,pm#Thing) > pm#member pm#size pm#minimal_size pm#maximal_size pm#percentage pm#average pm#sub_collection pm#overlapping_collection pm#not_overlapping_collection; pm#member (pm#Collection,pm#Thing); pm#size (pm#Collection,rdfs#Literal) (^number of elements^); pm#minimal_size (pm#Collection,rdfs#Literal); pm#maximal_size (pm#Collection,rdfs#Literal); pm#percentage (pm#Collection,rdfs#Literal); pm#average (pm#Number_container,rdfs#Literal) (^an average on the values^); pm#sub_collection (pm#Collection,pm#Collection); pm#overlapping_collection (pm#Collection,pm#Collection); pm#not_overlapping_collection (pm#Collection,pm#Collection) > pm#collection_complement; pm#collection_complement (pm#Collection,pm#Collection); pm#relation_to_collection (pm#Thing,pm#Collection) > pm#parts pm#instances pm#subclasses; pm#parts (pm#Thing,pm#Collection); pm#instances (rdfs#Class,pm#Collection); pm#subclasses (rdfs#Class,pm#Collection); pm#relation_from_description (pm#Description,pm#Thing) > pm#and pm#contextualizing_relation pm#author pm#authoring_time pm#description_object pm#description_instrument pm#description_support pm#rhetorical_relation pm#argumentation_relation; pm#and (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#contextualizing_relation (pm#Description,pm#Thing) > pm#contextualizing_logical_relation pm#modality pm#believer; pm#contextualizing_logical_relation (pm#Description,pm#Thing) > pm#truth pm#or pm#xor pm#implication; pm#truth (pm#Description,pm#Boolean); pm#or (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#xor (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#implication (pm#Description,pm#Description) > pm#equivalence; pm#equivalence (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#modality (pm#Description,pm#Modality_measure); pm#believer (pm#Description,pm#Causal_entity); pm#author (pm#Description,pm#Causal_entity); pm#authoring_time (pm#Description,pm#Time_measure); pm#description_object (pm#Description,pm#Thing); pm#description_instrument (pm#Description,pm#Description_medium); pm#description_support (pm#Description,pm#Description_container); pm#rhetorical_relation (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#argumentation_relation (pm#Description,pm#Description) > pm#answer pm#contribution pm#replacement pm#confirmation pm#reference pm#argument pm#contradiction; pm#answer (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#contribution (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#replacement (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#confirmation (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#reference (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#argument (pm#Description,pm#Description) > pm#weak_argument pm#strong_argument; pm#weak_argument (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#strong_argument (pm#Description,pm#Description) > pm#proof; pm#proof (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#contradiction (pm#Description,pm#Description); pm#relation_from_situation (pm#Situation,pm#Thing) > pm#relation_from_situation_to_time_measure pm#relation_from_situation_to_situation pm#relation_from_process; pm#relation_from_situation_to_time_measure (pm#Situation,pm#Time_measure) > pm#time pm#duration pm#since_time pm#until_time; pm#time (pm#Situation,pm#Time_measure); pm#duration (pm#Situation,pm#Time_measure); pm#since_time (pm#Situation,pm#Time_measure); pm#until_time (pm#Situation,pm#Time_measure); pm#relation_from_situation_to_situation (pm#Situation,pm#Situation) > pm#later_situation; pm#later_situation (pm#Situation,pm#Situation) > pm#next_situation pm#consequence; pm#next_situation (pm#Situation,pm#Situation) > pm#termination; pm#termination (pm#Situation,pm#Situation); pm#consequence (pm#Situation,pm#Situation); pm#relation_from_process (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#purpose pm#triggering_event pm#ending_event pm#precondition pm#postcondition pm#agent pm#initiator pm#experiencer pm#instrument pm#object pm#result pm#recipient pm#sub_process pm#method pm#source pm#destination pm#path pm#process_attribute; pm#purpose (pm#Process,pm#Situation); pm#triggering_event (pm#Process,pm#Event); pm#ending_event (pm#Process,pm#Event); pm#precondition (pm#Process,pm#State); pm#postcondition (pm#Process,pm#State); pm#agent (pm#Process,pm#Entity); pm#initiator (pm#Process,pm#Causal_entity); pm#experiencer (pm#Process,pm#Causal_entity); pm#instrument (pm#Process,pm#Entity); pm#object (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#input pm#input_output; pm#input (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#material pm#parameter; pm#material (pm#Process,pm#Thing); pm#parameter (pm#Process,pm#Thing); pm#input_output (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#object_to_modify pm#object_to_destroy; pm#object_to_modify (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#object_to_mute; pm#object_to_mute (pm#Process,pm#Thing); pm#object_to_destroy (pm#Process,pm#Thing); pm#result (pm#Process,pm#Thing) > pm#output; pm#output (pm#Process,pm#Thing); pm#recipient (pm#Process,pm#Entity); pm#sub_process (pm#Process,pm#Process); pm#method (pm#Process,pm#Description); pm#source (pm#Process,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#destination (pm#Process,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#path (pm#Process,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#process_attribute (pm#Process,pm#Process_attribute_or_measure) > pm#speed pm#manner; pm#speed (pm#Process,pm#Speed_measure); pm#manner (pm#Process,pm#Process_attribute_or_measure); pm#relation_from_time_measure (pm#Time_measure,pm#Thing) > pm#near_time pm#before_time; pm#near_time (pm#Time_measure,pm#Time_measure); pm#before_time (pm#Time_measure,pm#Time_measure) (^instance of _total_order_relation^); pm#relation_from_spatial_entity (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Thing) > pm#on_location pm#above_location pm#in_location pm#near_location pm#interior_location pm#exterior_location pm#before_location; pm#on_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#above_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#in_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#near_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#interior_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#exterior_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#before_location (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_entity); pm#attributive_relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) > pm#owner pm#generator pm#attribute; pm#owner (pm#Thing,pm#Causal_entity); pm#generator (pm#Thing,pm#Causal_entity) > pm#parent; pm#parent (pm#Thing,pm#Causal_entity); pm#attribute (pm#Thing,pm#Attribute_or_measure) (^e.g. [a car, color: red]^) > pm#spatial_attribute pm#physical_attribute pm#process_attribute; pm#spatial_attribute (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Spatial_attribute_or_measure) > pm#length pm#area pm#volume; pm#length (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Length_measure); pm#area (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Area_measure); pm#volume (pm#Spatial_entity,pm#Volume_measure); pm#physical_attribute (pm#Physical_entity,pm#Physical_attribute_or_measure) > pm#mass pm#color; pm#mass (pm#Physical_entity,pm#Mass_measure); pm#color (pm#Physical_entity,pm#Color_measure); pm#ordering_relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^e.g. rdf#type, rdfs#sub_class_of, pm#part, pm#equal^) > pm#partial_order_relation pm#equivalence_relation; pm#partial_order_relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^instance of _partial_order_relation_class^) > pm#total_order_relation pm#inferior_or_equal pm#generalization pm#wnSubstance pm#wnMember pm#member pm#part; pm#total_order_relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) > pm#inferior; pm#inferior (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^general class to specialize^); pm#inferior_or_equal (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#generalization (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) > rdfs#sub_class_of rdf#type; rdf#type (pm#Thing,rdfs#Class); pm#wnSubstance (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#wnMember (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^member relation in WordNet^); pm#part (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) > pm#physical_part pm#sub_collection pm#sub_situation pm#main_part pm#first_part pm#last_part; pm#physical_part (pm#Physical_entity,pm#Physical_entity); pm#sub_situation (pm#Situation,pm#Situation) > pm#sub_process; pm#main_part (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#first_part (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#last_part (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#equivalence_relation (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^instance of equivalence_relation_class^) > pm#similar pm#equal; pm#similar (pm#Thing,pm#Thing); pm#equal (pm#Thing,pm#Thing) (^"=" in KIF^);